| double | Salamanca, AA, JA | HRND | T128G and G130A | 2 amino acids altered in E2 | | (Puig et al., 2001; Sege-Peterson et al., 1992; Torres et al., 2000) |
| double | Japan2 | HRND | T536G and G538A | 2 amino acids altered in E8 | | (Igarishi et al., 1989) |
| duplication | MW | LND | dup572-579ATGCCCTT | 8 bp duplication | | (Jinnah et al., 2000) |
| duplication | LN26 | LND | duplication E2-E3 | 2 exons duplicated | | (Jinnah et al., 2000) |
| duplication | GM 1622, DM | HRND | duplication E2-E3 | 2 exons duplicated with rare reversion | | (Sege-Peterson et al., 1992; Yang et al., 1984; Yang et al., 1988) |
| duplication | HJ | HRND | duplication E7-8 | 2 exons duplicated | | (Marcus et al., 1993b) |
| duplication | PJ | LND | duplication E7-8 | 2 exons duplicated | | (Jinnah et al., 2000) |
| duplication | GM 6804 | HRND | duplication I1 | 13.7 Kb duplicated with rare reversion | | (Monnat et al., 1992; Wilson et al., 1986) |
| female | Paris | female LND | maternal X inactivated; paternal T459G stop mutati | both alleles dysfunctional | | (Aral et al., 1996) |
| female | LN54, RM | female LND | mosaic paternal X inactivation; maternal IVS8+4A>G | both alleles dysfunctional | | (Jinnah et al., 2000; Jinnah et al., 2005) |
| female | NS* | female LND | one X allele nonfunctional; C151T stop mutation | both alleles dysfunctional | | (Yamada et al., 1994) |
| female | S | female LND | paternal X inactivated; maternal C508T stop mutati | both alleles dysfunctional | | (De Gregorio et al., 2000) |
| female | FLN | female LND | paternal X inactivated; maternal gene deleted | both alleles dysfunctional | | (Ogasawara et al., 1989) |
| female | NS | female LND | translocation interrupting on hprt gene with non-r | both alleles dysfunctional | | (Rinat et al., 2005) |
| substitution | 10/00 | LND | 329-332del CAAC; insTCT | 3 bp substituted for 4 bp in E4 | | (Bertelli et al., 2004) |
| substitution | LN9 | LND | 398-402delTGGAA; insG | 5 bp replaced with 1 bp in E5 | | (Jinnah et al., 2000) |
| substitution | RJK 1210, LN40-4, GB | LND | 428-432delTGCAG, insAGCAAA | 6 bp substituted for 5 bp in E6 | | (Gibbs et al., 1989; Jinnah et al., 2005) |